These effects were made in Unity's Shuriken system for an AR mobile game.
Video from the prototype: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4psYL5Wk3E0
The rock mesh of this catapult projectile was made in blender and it acts as a core particle with a sub emitter attached.
Cartoonish foot-step effects for infantry and cavalry.
Two particles visualized as circles scaling up and down. Simple and effective.